
Inside Replit’s New Sandbox Engine, Part 1: The Path to MicroVMs
How Replit rebuilt its sandbox engine with microVMs for stronger isolation, bottomless storage, and fast startup across hundreds of millions of projects.

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Luis Héctor Chávez is the Lead Platform Engineer at Replit, pushing the boundary of what online coding environments can do. In a previous life, he made it possible to run Android applications in Chrome OS. Known to enjoy riding bicycles.
15 articles

How Replit rebuilt its sandbox engine with microVMs for stronger isolation, bottomless storage, and fast startup across hundreds of millions of projects.

Why autonomous AI agents need dedicated, organization-controlled environments with independently enforced security boundaries.
A proposed security architecture and maturity scale for agent habitats, covering identity, execution, permissions, data flows, approvals, and recovery.

An agent needs room to experiment and a way back when it gets things wrong. Inside the filesystem snapshots and database forks that make that possible.

Garbage collection doesn’t prevent every memory leak. How to confirm a leak, inspect a running program’s heap, and track down what won’t let go.

How a storage configuration change disrupted Secrets and legacy static hosting in December 2023, and what we changed after the recovery.

An incomplete storage build left some projects read-only on September 29, 2023. Our account of the incident, recovery work, and safeguards that followed.

Getting past the 1 GiB storage limit meant rethinking the filesystem underneath it. Inside the snapshot and copy-on-write design that made larger projects possible.
Our account of the April 2023 GitHub token vulnerability: who may have been affected, how we fixed it, and what users should check.

An off-the-shelf load balancer couldn’t route containers the way we needed. How we built an alternative and brought it into production.

Moving compute closer to users started with separating the control and data planes. Inside the infrastructure refactor that made global routing possible.

How the Dirty Pipe Linux vulnerability affected Replit, what we did to address it, and why we found no evidence of successful exploitation.

What it took to bring persistent files in hosted apps to everyone: a gradual rollout, better monitoring, and a few infrastructure optimizations.

Reinstalling packages at every startup made Python projects painfully slow. How a new template cut that wait and made room for larger dependencies.

Hosted apps need to save files even when the editor is closed. How file persistence opened up uploads, SQLite databases, and more.